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Style Sheet for authors preparing texts for the European Journal of International Law Part I: Layout of the Manuscript
Part I: Layout of the Manuscript
A. Headings and Subheadings
In order to clearly present this publication it is useful to use a consistent system of headings. We would ask authors to use only three grades of headings although five can be accommodated. The following hierarchy should be used (please do not use CAPITALS in headings)
1 Part One
A First Subheading
1 Second Subheading
(a) Third subheading
i) Fourth subheading
All nouns, verbs and adjectives on the first three levels should begin with Capital letters.
B. Spelling
Spelling should follow the Oxford English Dictionary or the Concise Oxford Dictionary. Where there is a choice we prefer the endings -ize and -ization as opposed to -ise or -isation.
C. Emphasizing
The following parts of the text should be emphasized by italics:
(where the facility to print italics is not available, the phrases or words should be underlined once)
1. The names of cases, e.g.
Defrenne v. Sabena
Watson & Belmann case
Rutili judgment
Golder case
2. The titles of published books, e.g.
Robertson's book Human Rights in the World
3. The titles of periodicals, e.g.
European Journal of International Law
4. Short foreign phrases or individual words, e.g.
Cour de Cassation
sui generis
although words that have become part of the English language should not be italicized
ad hoc, de facto, ex officio, per se
5. Words or phrases which the author wishes to emphasize.
Emphasis by the author in a quoted passage should be explained in the corresponding footnote:
(emphasis added)
Emphasizing by use of Bold is to be avoided as far as possible. Exceptions may apply for quoted passages where the original already contains certain emphasized passages in italics and the author wishes to add (other) emphasis. The corresponding footnote should then contain the explanation:
(italic emphasis in the original, bold emphasis added)
An analogous rule applies for the opposite case. Where the author wishes to omit an emphasis in a quoted passage, this should be explained in the corresponding footnote:
(emphasis omitted)
If these rules are followed it is normally not necessary to include the phrase `emphasis in the original' in a corresponding footnote, if the author does not change the text of a quote. However, this may be done for clarification where necessary.
As far as citations in footnotes are concerned, please see Parts II-VII.
D. Abbreviations
Generally, abbreviations should be followed by a full stop e.g.
Applic.
Doc.
No.
Cf.
unless the abbreviation includes the last letter of the word, e.g.
eds
However where the shortened form is in an acronym in CAPITALS no full stops are required, e.g.
EEC
ECHR
WHO
UN
SPUC
The abbreviated titles of periodicals should be italicized, (underlined where italics cannot be printed), e.g.
EJIL
AJIL
However, abbreviated law reports are not italicized, e.g.
ECR
WLR
CMLR
Acronyms should be in introduced when first appearing, e.g.
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
or
Community Charter of the Fundamental Social Rights of Workers (hereinafter the `Social Charter')
E. Punctuation
Quotations: single inverted commas should be used throughout with double inverted commas being reserved for quotations within quotations. Passages of more than five lines should be printed as a separate paragraph and indented without quotation marks.
Footnote numbers should appear after the punctuation mark. E.g.
This was stated by the Court in Defrenne.1
Hyphens which join composite words should be short and without space before and after the hyphen, whereas dashes which are used as commas should be long and with a space before and after the dash. Authors should print a dash with a double hyphen if necessary.
Omission of words in quotations: this should be done by using three full stops, the first full stop being preceded by a space. For example,
the Court stated: `There is no suggestion in the present case ... that the father is in any way unfit to have access.'
However where the sentence is complete the closing full stop is set close up followed by three full stops. For example,
the Court stated: `We are only concerned here with the welfare of the child.... We uphold the appeal.'
F. Use of Parentheses
Generally, authors should use single (parentheses) for all remarks and explanations in the text and in footnotes, e.g.
(emphasis added)
However, [brackets] should be used in the following cases:
1. For the year of law reports, e.g.
[1987] ECR 855
2. For modifications and explanatory remarks within quoted passages, e.g.
The Court continued by stating that: `... [t]here is no suggestion in the present case that he [the father] is in any way unfit...
3. If used in quoted passages, they may be retained.
{Braces} should be avoided as far as possible. They may, however, be retained if included in quoted passages. The same applies for » «.
G. Use of Capital Letters
1. In Headings
A. The Origins of the Draft Treaty
2. In Acronyms
EFTA
NATO
3. In Quoted Titles of Books, Articles and Legal Materials
the Equal Treatment Directive
4. In Other Cases, when speaking of specified acts, organs etc.
Directive 76/206
Article 130r
... in the Treaty of Rome ...
.... the Court of Justice went on ...
... the Industrial Relations Tribunals,
in its judgment of ... the Tribunal went on by saying ...
but
... as decided by a tribunal the year before ...
Otherwise, standard British rules should be applied.
© 1990-2004 European Journal of International Law
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of the Academy of European Law online, a joint partnership of the Jean Monnet Center at NYU School of Law and the Academy of European
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Institute.
This file was last modified:
Thursday, April 23, 1998 01:01PM